The killings of more than 8,000 Bosniaks by Bosnian Serb forces in Srebrenica was declared a genocide by the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court for Former Yugoslavia. But Bosnian Serb officials and neighbouring Serbia have refused to accept this.

Inzko set the jail terms for anyone who “publicly condones, denies, grossly trivialises or tries to justify” the genocide or war crimes committed during Bosnia’s 1992-95 international armed conflict.

“Genocide in Srebrenica, war crimes and crimes against humanity … must not be forgotten or denied,” his decree read.

As the top international body overseeing the implementation of the peace agreement that ended Bosnia’s war, the OHR has the authority to impose decisions or dismiss officials who undermine the post-war ethnic balance and reconciliation efforts between the Bosniaks, who are mostly Muslim, Bosnia’s Serbs and Croats.

‘Serbs must never accept this’

Hailed by Bosniak politicians and the relatives of the victims, Inzko’s decision was swiftly rejected by Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik, who is a member of the Bosnia multi-ethnic presidency and the top politician in the Serb-run entity called Republika Srpska.

Dodik threatened to launch a process of “dissolution” of Bosnia, the Klix news portal reported.

“Republika Srpska rejects this, genocide did not happen, Serbs must never accept this,” he said.

Dodik has repeatedly criticised the OHR and the West as biased against Serbs in Bosnia.

A resolution put forward by Serb allies Russia and China that would have immediately stripped the powers of the OHR in Bosnia was rejected by the UN Security Council on Thursday.

The decree also envisages jail terms for the “recognition… (and giving of) mementos, or any privileges” to convicted war criminals.

The genocide in Srebrenica happened after Bosnian Serbs took control over the eastern enclave in July 1995. They executed Bosniak men and boys and dumped their remains into mass graves which were later dug out and reburied – often numerous times – to cover the crime. The victims’ remains are still being unearthed and identified.

Both Bosnian Serbs and Serbia, which backed the Bosnian Serbs during the war, have called the massacre a crime, refusing to acknowledge it was genocide.

Bosnian Serbs also have honoured their wartime leader Radovan Karadzic and military commander Ratko Mladic as heroes, although both have been convicted of genocide and sentenced to life imprisonment by a Hague-based tribunal.

Murals featuring Mladic and Karadzic can be seen in many towns in Republika Srpska.

‘A starting point’

The US Embassy in Bosnia said Friday that “genocide denial and war criminal glorification are unacceptable and undermine the mutual trust,” noting that Inzko’s move presents “a starting point for more concrete debate and steps by local actors when it comes to practical implementation”.

“We must underscore that the genocide at Srebrenica is not a matter of debate, but of historical fact,” the statement said.

“It is time to truly turn to a future based on peace and mutual trust.”

Kada Hotic, from the Mothers of Srebrenica group gathering relatives of the victims, said such a law should have been brought earlier.

“I welcome the decision anyway,” she said. “Without acceptance there is no forgiveness and I will not forgive until someone pleads for forgiveness.”

In Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, the prosecutor’s office said they will monitor any statements by individuals or groups and act in accordance with the new amendments.

Inzko, an Austrian diplomat, is leaving his post on August 1 following his resignation in May after 12 years in office. He will be succeeded by Christian Schmidt of Germany.